The Zone Of Proximal Development A New Approach

Critically analyse the key concepts that Vygotsky refers to in the extract support you answer with relevant evidence. (1500) The title of this extract is, The Zone of Proximal Development: A New Approach. This extract discusses Vygotsky’s ideas of what he believes a child goes through within their process of learning, some may say it’s like a cycle which the child learns and develops knowledge and skills. Vygotsky created The Zone of Proximal Development as a theory of how children obtain the ability to process new knowledge and skills and expand on their already existing knowledge. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) has been defined as the phase between the actual development level of the child and what level they are already at and what has already been determined by independent problem solving and that of the level of potential development that has been determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers (Vygotsky, 1978). Vygotsky (1978) believed that with the ZPD, what a child can do assisted today, they will be able to do independentl y and unassisted tomorrow, Vygotsky’s way of saying that new information can be learnt through the support of others, this could include adults and peers and that once they have been supported through solving a problem, they will then be able to solve them independently. The ZPD is before the child reaches a stage of learning that is not yet attainable. Before this, however, the childShow MoreRelatedVygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development Essay example1322 Words   |  6 PagesHow can Vygotsky’s notion of the ‘Zone of Proximal Development’, and the related concept of ‘scaffolding’, be used to provide appropriate education and support to the full range of students in the classroom? Teaching is not just a matter of standing in front of a class and distributing knowledge to a group of learners. Teaching is a much more complex procedure that requires educators to consider a variety of educational components in order to maximize a learner’s true potential. Teachers are responsibleRead MoreDifferent Theories Of Cooperative Learning Approach903 Words   |  4 Pagesdivided into four sections. The first section is about the definition of cooperative learning approach. This section includes, theories of cooperative learning and types of models describing cooperative learning. The second section is focused on differences between western educational systems and the Chinese educational system, as well as advantages and disadvantages for the cooperative learning approach in the Chinese classroom. The third section illustrates the Chinese education situation and currentRead MoreVygotsky And The Social Development Theory743 Words   |  3 PagesLev Vygotsky and the Social Development Theory Born on November 17, 1896 in Orsha, Russia, Lev Vygotsky entered into a well-educated. (Ghassemzadeh, Posner, Rothbart, 2013, p. 293). Having a banker as a father, Vygotsky was given the privilege of private tutors while young. (Jones, 2003). He went on to study human development at Moscow University and Shanyavsky Open University, and later became a psychologist. (Cherry, n.d.). Vygotsky helped to create an approach to how the human mind is developedRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthat there are four main stages in a child’s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interacting with adults who are linguistically knowledgeable and the influence of the Zone of Proximal Development (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). With includingRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development850 Words   |  4 PagesUmansky (p. 307, 2014) define cognitive development as an individual’s ability to translate objects and events into a symbolic form that can be stored in the brain. Cognition can be measured with perceptual and conceptual skills. Perceptual skills are the connection between the senses and experiences. Conceptual skills are higher level processing, such as, making decisions and problem solving (Hooper and Umansky, 2014). Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory areRead MoreThe Theory Of Language For Children With Language Impairments, And The Zone Of Proximal Development Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pages(1896-1980) and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), who developed theories of cognitive development among children. While these theories are similar in some ways, they also have key differences, such as the fact that Piaget thought children developed through stages, whereas Vygotsky stressed a more continuous and social process. Piaget’s key findings in the sensorimotor stage of a child’s development and the fact that children are active learners are highly applicable in an occupation such asRead MoreSociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children ECE 101 Professor Kara Bullock Chakera Simon October 12, 2010 Sociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children Lev Vygotsky believed that children learn from their own experience. As a teacher I have grown to learn that Vygotsky’s findings are true in so many ways. Just from watching the children in my classroom I see that the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding play a huge part in the development of a child. Lev VygotskyRead MoreVygotskys Zone of Proximal Development Essay633 Words   |  3 Pages(Ramsey, 2004 pg. 30) I believe this becomes apparent when a child is learning a new task, emotions, behavorial conditions, academics etc.. and learns this process with a mentor around. When approaching the topic of multicultural education and anti-bias teaching this is extremely important by finely tuning the specific child’s needs and what parts of their world are important to them and their peers. We all go into zones where we are uncomfortable, unknowing, and a bit lost. This is especially trueRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Theories Of Vygotsky And Piaget1446 Words   |  6 PagesChild development refers to change or growth that occurs in children. It starts with infancy and continues through adolescence and it involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors(Children’s Health n.d.). This paper is a comparative analysis of the theories of Vygotsky and Piaget with emphasis on how the roleRead MoreExplain the Constructivist Theory of Guidance1396 Words   |  6 Pageschild-centered constructivist approach to early childhood education has its roots in the work of psychologists Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) and Jean Piaget (1896-1980). â€Å"Piagets theories in child development, cognition and intelligence worked as a framework to inspire the development of the constructivist approach to learning.†(http://www.ehow.com/info_8541570_differences-vygotsky-piaget-teaching.html). Piaget believed that children go through four stages of development: (1) the Sensori- Motor

Antigone Essay - 1008 Words

Antigone nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Antigone, by Sophocles, is a story about the struggle between Antigone, who represents the laws of the gods and Creon, who represents the laws of the state. The play takes place circa 442 B.C. in the city-state of Thebes. The story revolves around the burial of Polyneices. Polyneices led an army against his brother, Etocles, the King of Thebes. They killed each other in battle and the new king, Creon, made a decree that only Etocles was to be buried because Polyneices was his rival. Antigone, sister of Polyneices and Etocles, feels that she needs to bury Polyneices in accordance to Zeus’ law, but this went against Creon’s decree. Also, Antigone has to bury Polyneices without the help of her sister†¦show more content†¦After Creon’s wife, Eurydice, found out her son was dead, she stabbed herself to death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Creon is not wholly wrong in forbidding people to bury Polyneices. His intentions are good because he wanted to show how evil Polyneices was in attacking the city and that in order for the government of Thebes to work, they have to stay united. According to Creon, â€Å"For I- be Zeus my witness, who sees all things always- would not be silent if I saw ruin, instead of safety, coming to the citizens; nor would I ever deem the country’s foes a friend to myself; remembering this, that our country is the ship that bears us safe, and that only while she prospers in our voyage can we make true friends†(Sophocles, page 121). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Creon justifies his position to the others in the play by stating that Polyneices was evil and it would be unjust to Etocles, who died with honor, to share a spot in the earth with an evil person like Polyneices.(Sophocles, page 129). Creon states, â€Å"†¦Polyneices, who came back from exile and sought to consume utterly with fire the city of his fathers and the shrines of his fathers’ gods, sought to taste of kindred blood and to lead the remnant into slavery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Sophocles, page 121). Creon also states, â€Å"A foe is never a friend-not even in death†(Sophocles, page 129). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I think Antigone is a righteous martyr for wanting to bury herShow MoreRelatedAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1525 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing that the gods demand† (1349-1350). Sophocles’ Antigone takes place in a trying time for the city of Thebes, when Oedipus, their king, and most of the royal family have died, and Creon has just been appointed the new king. Throughout the play, Creon tries on his power as the new ruler, and seems to believe that the gods will not be angry with some of his choices as king, even though they directly violate the divine law. However, in Antigone, when there is a conflict between the divine law andRead Moreantigone987 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia and lastly they need to realize their mistakes and accept their consequences. In Antigone, there are two main characters that fit the criteria of a tragic hero, but only the protagonist, Antigone meets all of the conditions. Antigone meets the second requirement of a tragic heroine, by fulfilling the criteria of being neither entirely good nor completely bad. In the opening of the play, Antigone asks her sister, Ismene to help her give Polynieces a proper burial but Ismene disagrees becauseRead MoreThe Choices Of Antigone And Sophocles Antigone1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Antigone and Creon face in Sophocles’ Antigone differ, their decisions often end up pitted against each other’s, inviting comparison. Since I am juxtaposing the characters’ degrees of rightness, I believe that the rightness of the reasoning, not just their ultimate stances, should be examined. The entirety of his or her argument, not just the conclusion, must be taken into account. I’ll also note that my perspective of rightness could and does conflict with that of the gods in Antigone and SophoclesRead MoreCharacterization of Antigone in Sophocles Antigone2448 Words   |  10 PagesSophocles’ tra gic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issues involved in the characters of Creon and Antigone. But the issues areRead MoreAntigone Summary771 Words   |  4 Pagesunburied to rot. Antigone was dejected with Creon’s ruling and decided to bury Polynices herself. She tried to enlist Ismene to help her, but Ismene was to afraid. Antigone furiously continued with the plan on her own. A sentry discovered Antigone and brought her to Creon. Ismene was also brought to Creon and confessed that she had helped Antigone with the burial rites of Polynices. Antigone stopped Ismene and told her not to admit to an act that she had not committed. Antigone took sole responsibilityRead MoreAntigone2454 Words   |  10 PagesAntigone– The Characterization Sophocles’ tragic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issuesRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead More Antigone Essay3001 Words   |  13 PagesSUBJECT Antigone is a play about a woman who disobeyed the Kings order to not bury her brother. The play was written by the famous Greek tragedian, Sophocles, in 441 B.C. The story took place in the city of Thebes and the time period is not mentioned. The main characters introduced in the play are of Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon. The primary focus was centered on Antigone and the consequences she faces after breaking the Kings orders. In the beginning, the author introduced Antigone and herRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles622 Words   |  3 PagesIn the playwright Antigone by Sophocles, the characters reveal their values while exposing a life lessons through their actions, dialogue, thoughts ,and effects on others. Antigone starts with two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, being killed at battle. Creon, the king of Thebes, declares that Eteocles’ death will be honored and Polyneices’ dishonored. He instead will lay unburied to become the food of animals. When the play opens, Antigone takes Ismene, Antigone and Ismene are sisters of the deadRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesimprudent judgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gende r roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitys

Jane Goodall Free Essays

Jane Goodall’s research with chimpanzees and gorillas is an example of Naturalistic observation. Here is a list of the key findings if Goodall’s life * 1960: Chimpanzees as meat eaters * First recorded instance of toolmaking by nonhumans * 1964: Planning-Figan showed deliberate planning when he kidnapped baby Flint in order to get his mother Flo and the rest of the group to follow him. * Using man-made objects- Mike used empty kerosene cans to intimidate larger males, and become the alpha male. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Goodall or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1966: Polio invaded Gombe and devastated both humans and chimps alike. Chimpanzees can also get AIDS. * 1970: Awe-the chimps spontaneously danced at the sight of a waterfall Jane believes that expression of awe in chimps resembles the emotions that led early humans to religion. * 1974: Warfare-a war broke out between the Kasakela males and seven males of a splinter group. This lasted four years; the rival group was eradicated, except for a few females. This type of violence had not been recorded in chimpanzees. 1975: Cannibalism-Passion killed and ate Gilka’s infant, and shared the meat with her daughter, Pom. Together they continued eating infants for two years. * Coalitions-Figan’s status as alpha male was somewhat challenged when his brother Faben disappeared. * Transfer of a female to a different group * 1987: Adoption-Spindle, an adolescent female, â€Å"adopted† baby Mel, after his mother died of pneumonia. * 1994: Consortship-researchers at Gombe have observed males leading females away from the community and establish short-term monogamous relationships. This is believed to be so the male can ensure that the offspring are theirs. * Technology transfer-Chimps from one community â€Å"modeled† the toolmaking behavior of chimps in another community. * 1995: Twins-Rafiki gave birth to only second set twins recorded at Gombe, Roots and Shoots. * Medicinal plants-chimps have been seen chewing the plant Aspilia, a medicinal plant believed to relieve stomach pains or reduce internal parasites. How to cite Jane Goodall, Papers

Systems Life Cycle Costing Cost Management

Question: Describe about the Systems Life Cycle Costing for Cost Management? Answer: Using the FIFO method in process costing the costs incurred in the mixing department. Costs which enter the marketing department first are recorded first, which shows the FIFO method. The units are calculated: Direct Materials Conversion Costs Transferred In Units in Opening WIP 5000 liters % of completion in opening WIP in previous year % of opening WIP being completed this year Transferred units in opening WIP 3000 liters 3000 liters Units produced in January 90000 liters 1000 liters 89000 liters Units transferred in January 89000 liters 89000 liters 89000 liters Units in Closing WIP 6000 liters 6000 liters % of completion in closing WIP in this year Transferred units in closing WIP 3600 liters 3600 liters Total Units 95600 liters 95600 liters 91400 liters (Eldenburg and Wolcott, 2011) Opening WIP includes 40% of 5000 liters was completed in the prior period, which is 2000 liters. Thus, in this year the opening WIP will be 5000-2000= 3000 liters. The closing WIP includes 60% of the total closing inventory, which is 6000 liters* 60%= 3600 liters. Cost per Unit Total Costs Direct Materials Conversion Costs Opening Inventory Period Costs Total Costs Total Units 95600 liters 95600 liters Cost per unit $5 (approx) $2 (approx) (Farr, 2011) Cost Allocation Total Costs Direct Materials Conversion Costs Opening Inventory Units Produced Closing Inventory Total Allocated Cost $669,200 $478,000 $191,200 The direct material cost is calculated by multiplying the total unit with $5 and the conversion costs are calculated by multiplying the total unit with $2. The total cost allocated is $669200. This question involves the basic concept of process costing. The processing cost can be utilized to calculate the manufacturing costs of the product. In this question the manufacturing costs of the unit is calculated in context to the mixing departments. However, when the manufacturing costs of the cooking department will be done there will be some difference. It is given that no extra direct materials included in the cooking department so, the direct material will remain unchanged. The overhead costs, operations and direct labor is carried out throughout the cooking process. Thus, there will be some changes in the manufacturing costs of the cooking department (Grewal, 2011). The factors which will increase the manufacturing costs are- Direct Labor- In the cooking process, the company will require more labor to carry out the process, which will need extra labor costs. The labor costs are likely to increase the conversion costs along with the manufacturing overheads. Operations overhead- The overhead that are related to the activities, which are not directly related to the production process, is operations costs. The operations cost of the process will increase indirect cost related to the cooking department. Overhead costs- Oexpenses are likely to increase the indirect expenses, which may increase the conversion costs (Geiger, 2011). References Eldenburg, L. and Wolcott, S. (2011).Cost management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Farr, J. (2011).Systems Life Cycle Costing. Hoboken: CRC Press. Geiger, D. (2011).Cost management and control in government. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Grewal, S. (2011).Manufacturing process design and costing. London: Springer.